Brought beneficiary of the most fiercely contested elections in U.S. history, Rutherford B. Hayes to the Executive Mansion dignity, honesty and moderate reforms.
To the delight of the Christian Temperance Union women, led by Lucy Webb Hayes commands of her husband for wines and spirits from the White House to ban.
Born in Ohio at Kenyon College in 1822, Hayes and Harvard Law School. After five years of law practice in Lower Sandusky, he moved to Cincinnati, where he flourished as a young Whig lawyer.
He fought in the Civil War, was wounded in action, and rose to the rank of Brevet Major General. While he was still in the Army, Cincinnati Republicans ran him for the House of Representatives. He accepted the appointment, but not campaign, said, "an officer fit for the task that would leave his post in this crisis ... electioneer to be scalped."
Chosen by a heavy majority, Hayes entered Congress in December 1865, alarmed by the "Rebel ... influence over the White House." Between 1867 and 1876 he served three terms as governor of Ohio.
Safe liberalism party loyalty and a good war record made Hayes an acceptable Republican candidate in 1876. He opposed Governor Samuel J. Tilden of New York.
Although a galaxy of famous Republican speakers, and even Mark Twain, a loss for Hayes, he expects the Democrats to win. When the first returns seemed to confirm this, Hayes went to bed, believing he had lost. But in New York, Republican National Chairman Zachariah Chandler wired, conscious of a gap to the leaders to remain steadfast: "Hayes has 185 votes and is elected." The referendum was apparently from 4,300,000 to 4,036,000 for Tilden Hayes. Hayes disputed election electoral votes hanging in Louisiana, South Carolina and Florida. If all disputed electoral votes went to Hayes, he would win, one would opt for Tilden.
Months of uncertainty followed. In January 1877, Congress created an electoral commission to decide the dispute. Commission, consisting of eight Republicans and seven Democrats, determined all the contests for Hayes 8-7. The final electoral vote: 185 to 184
Northern Republicans have been promising southern Democrats at least one Cabinet post, Federal patronage, subsidies for internal improvements, and the withdrawal of troops from Louisiana and South Carolina.
Hayes insisted that his appointments based on merit not to be made by political considerations. For his Cabinet he chose men of high level, but outraged many Republicans because one member was an ex-Confederate and another had bolted the party as a liberal Republican in 1872.
Hayes pledged protection of the rights of Negroes in the South, but also advocated the restoration of "wise, fair and peaceful local self-government." This meant the withdrawal of troops. Hayes hoped such conciliatory policies of building a "new Republican party" would result in the South, the white businessmen and conservatives would rally.
Many of the leaders of the new South, in fact in favor of the Republican economic policies and approved of Hayes's financial conservatism, but they faced annihilation at the elections as they join the party of reconstruction. Hayes and his Republican successors were persistent in their efforts, but could not win the "solid South."
Hayes had previously announced that he has a deadline, and retired to Spiegel Grove, his home in Fremont, Ohio, in 1881. He died in 1893.
To the delight of the Christian Temperance Union women, led by Lucy Webb Hayes commands of her husband for wines and spirits from the White House to ban.
Born in Ohio at Kenyon College in 1822, Hayes and Harvard Law School. After five years of law practice in Lower Sandusky, he moved to Cincinnati, where he flourished as a young Whig lawyer.
He fought in the Civil War, was wounded in action, and rose to the rank of Brevet Major General. While he was still in the Army, Cincinnati Republicans ran him for the House of Representatives. He accepted the appointment, but not campaign, said, "an officer fit for the task that would leave his post in this crisis ... electioneer to be scalped."
Chosen by a heavy majority, Hayes entered Congress in December 1865, alarmed by the "Rebel ... influence over the White House." Between 1867 and 1876 he served three terms as governor of Ohio.
Safe liberalism party loyalty and a good war record made Hayes an acceptable Republican candidate in 1876. He opposed Governor Samuel J. Tilden of New York.
Although a galaxy of famous Republican speakers, and even Mark Twain, a loss for Hayes, he expects the Democrats to win. When the first returns seemed to confirm this, Hayes went to bed, believing he had lost. But in New York, Republican National Chairman Zachariah Chandler wired, conscious of a gap to the leaders to remain steadfast: "Hayes has 185 votes and is elected." The referendum was apparently from 4,300,000 to 4,036,000 for Tilden Hayes. Hayes disputed election electoral votes hanging in Louisiana, South Carolina and Florida. If all disputed electoral votes went to Hayes, he would win, one would opt for Tilden.
Months of uncertainty followed. In January 1877, Congress created an electoral commission to decide the dispute. Commission, consisting of eight Republicans and seven Democrats, determined all the contests for Hayes 8-7. The final electoral vote: 185 to 184
Northern Republicans have been promising southern Democrats at least one Cabinet post, Federal patronage, subsidies for internal improvements, and the withdrawal of troops from Louisiana and South Carolina.
Hayes insisted that his appointments based on merit not to be made by political considerations. For his Cabinet he chose men of high level, but outraged many Republicans because one member was an ex-Confederate and another had bolted the party as a liberal Republican in 1872.
Hayes pledged protection of the rights of Negroes in the South, but also advocated the restoration of "wise, fair and peaceful local self-government." This meant the withdrawal of troops. Hayes hoped such conciliatory policies of building a "new Republican party" would result in the South, the white businessmen and conservatives would rally.
Many of the leaders of the new South, in fact in favor of the Republican economic policies and approved of Hayes's financial conservatism, but they faced annihilation at the elections as they join the party of reconstruction. Hayes and his Republican successors were persistent in their efforts, but could not win the "solid South."
Hayes had previously announced that he has a deadline, and retired to Spiegel Grove, his home in Fremont, Ohio, in 1881. He died in 1893.
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