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    Wednesday, September 14, 2011

    Woodrow Wilson Life's Journey

    Like Roosevelt before him, Woodrow Wilson regarded himself as the personal representative of the people. "No one but the president," he said, "seems to be expected ... to look out for the general interests of the country." He developed a program for progressive reform and asserted international leadership role in building a new world order. In 1917 he founded the American entrance into World War II on a crusade to save the world "safe for democracy."
    Wilson had the horrors of war. He was born in Virginia in 1856, the son of a Presbyterian minister who was pastor during the American Civil War in Augusta, Georgia, and during Reconstruction a professor in the charred city of Columbia, South Carolina.
    After graduating from Princeton (then College of New Jersey) and was awarded the University of Virginia Law School, Wilson his doctorate at Johns Hopkins University and came to an academic career. In 1885 he married Ellen Louise Axson.
    Wilson advanced rapidly as a conservative young professor of political science and became president of Princeton in 1902.
    His growing national reputation led to some conservative Democrats consider him Presidential timber. First they persuaded him to run the governor of New Jersey in 1910. During the campaign, he declared his independence from the Conservatives and the machine that had nominated him, endorsing a progressive platform, which he pursued as governor.
    He was nominated for president at the 1912 Democratic Convention and sat on a program with the name of the new freedom, individualism and states' rights stressed. In the three-way election he received only 42 percent of the vote, but an overwhelming electoral vote.
    Wilson maneuvered through Congress three major pieces of legislation. The first was a low tariff, the Underwood Act, the measure was a graduated income tax. The adoption of the Federal Reserve Act provided the nation with the required elastic money supply. In 1914, antitrust, unfair trade practices that to a Federal Trade Commission's ban.
    Another burst of legislation followed in 1916. A new law banning child labor, another limited railroad workers to an eight-hour day. Under this Act and the slogan "He kept us out of war," Wilson won re-election in short supply.
    But after the election Wilson concluded that America does not remain neutral in the First World War. 2.1917 in April, he asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany.
    Massive American effort slowly tipped the balance in favor of the Allies. Wilson went before Congress in January 1918 to announce the American war - would be the Fourteen Points, the last of which, "A general association of nations ... against each other guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity of the large and small states alike."
    After the Germans signed the Armistice in November 1918, Wilson went to Paris to try to build a lasting peace. Later the Senate the Versailles Treaty, the Statute of the League of Nations, and asked: "Can we reject it and break the hearts of the world?"
    But the election of 1918 the balance had shifted in Congress from the Republicans. By seven votes the Versailles Treaty in the Senate.
    The President, against the warnings of his doctors had a national tour, the public opinion to mobilize the Convention. Exhausted, he suffered a stroke and nearly died. Tenderly cared for by his second wife, Edith Bolling Galt, he lived until 1924.

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