CONTENT BIOGRAPHY

  • Abdurrahman Wahid
  • Abraham Lincoln
  • Adam Clayton
  • Adriyanti Firdasari
  • Albert Einstein
  • Alfred Hitchcock
  • Amelia Earhart(The first female pilot)
  • Andrew Jackson
  • Andrew Johnson
  • Angelina Jolie
  • Antonio Abetti
  • Antonio Contelife
  • Antonio Meucci (telephone)
  • Arnold
  • Avenged Sevenfold
  • Barack Obama
  • Barry White
  • Benjamin Harrison
  • Bill Clinton
  • Bob Marley
  • Bon Jovi
  • Brian De Palma
  • Britney Spears
  • Brooke Shields
  • Bruno Mars
  • Calvin Coolidge
  • Calvin Klein
  • Carl Sagan
  • Casey Stoner
  • Chester Arthur
  • christopher columbus
  • Ciara
  • Continental Drift Hypothesis
  • Cristiano Ronaldo
  • Dani Pedrosa
  • David Beckham
  • David Luiz
  • Dhani Ahmad Prasetyo
  • Diana Spencer
  • Dida
  • Dewa Budjana
  • Dorothy Arzner
  • Drew Barrymore
  • Dr.Grigory Perelman(mathematician)
  • Dwight Eisenhower
  • El Pacino
  • Elia Kazan
  • Eminem
  • Francis Ford Coppola
  • Franklin Delano Roosevelt
  • Franklin Pierce
  • George H. W. Bush
  • George W. Bush
  • George Washington
  • Gerald Ford
  • Grover Cleveland
  • Harry Truman
  • Herbert Hoover
  • Hugh Grant
  • Howard Hughes
  • Jack Dorsey (twitter)
  • James Buchanan
  • James Garfield
  • James Madison
  • James Monroe
  • James Polk
  • Jean Harlow
  • Jhon Lennon
  • Jimmy Carter
  • Joan Holloway
  • Jodie Foster
  • John Adams
  • John Barrimore
  • John Kennedy
  • John Quincy Adams
  • John Tyler
  • Jorge Lorenzo
  • Jude Law
  • JUSTIN BIEBER
  • Kate Winslet
  • Kate Walsh
  • Ke Ikhlasan Cinta
  • Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
  • Kim Hyun Joong
  • Kim Jong II
  • Kristen Stewart
  • Leonard Kleinrock (internet)
  • Leonardo DeCaprio
  • LIL WAYNE
  • Linking Park
  • Lionel Andrés Messi
  • Lyndon Johnson
  • Marco Simoncelli
  • Marie Antoniette
  • Mario Puzo
  • Marilyn Monroe
  • Mark Wahlberg
  • Marlon Blando
  • Martin Scorsese
  • Martin Sheen
  • Martin Van Buren
  • Megawati
  • Michael Steven Bublé
  • Michael Jackson
  • Michael Jordan
  • Michelle Keegan
  • Michael Huckabee
  • Michael Owen
  • Mike Lazaridis(Blackberry)
  • Millard Fillmore
  • Muammar al-Qaddafi
  • Muhammed Ali
  • Nicholas Cage
  • Nicki Minaj
  • Nicky Hayden
  • Nostradamus
  • Oprah Winfrey
  • Pele (Edson Arantes Do Nascimento)
  • PITBULL
  • Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. Sc. H.C. Mult. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie
  • Prof. Nigel Hitchin(mathematician)
  • Richard Nixon
  • Robert De Niro
  • Robert Pattinson
  • Roger Corman
  • Ronald Reagan
  • Rutherford Hayes
  • Scarlett Johansson
  • Sheyi Emmanuel Adebayor
  • Soeharto
  • Sophia Loren
  • Stephanie Mayer
  • Stephen King
  • Steven Frederic Seagal
  • Sukarno
  • Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
  • Susy Susanty
  • Taylor Daniel Lutner
  • The Dropa Stone Discs
  • Theodore Roosevelt
  • Thomas A. Edison (telephone)
  • Thomas Jefferson
  • Timothy John (World Wide Web)
  • Ulysses Grant
  • Valentino Rossi
  • Warren Harding
  • Wayne Rooney
  • Will Smith
  • William Harrison
  • William McKinley
  • William Taft
  • Woodrow Wilson
  • Zacarias Moussaoui
  • Zachary Taylor
  • Zinedine Yazid Zidane
  • Zuckerberg (facebook)
  • English French German Spain Italian Dutch

    Russian Brazil Japanese Korean Arabic Chinese Simplified
    Translate Widget by Google

    Wednesday, October 26, 2011

    Muammar al-Qaddafi Life's Journey

    Muammar al-Qaddafi was born in 1942 in the town of Surt, in western Libya. Raised in a Bedouin tent in the Libyan desert, he came from a tribal family called the al-Qadhafah. At the time of his birth, Libya was an Italian colony. In 1951, Libya gained independence under the Western-allied King Idris.  As a young man Qaddafi was influenced by the Arab nationalist movement, and admired Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. In 1961 he entered the military college in the city of Benghazi. He spent four months recieving military training in the United Kingdom. After graduating, Qaddafi steadily rose through the ranks of the military.  As disaffection with King Idris grew, Qaddafi became involved with a movement of young officers to overthrow the king. A talented and charismatic man, Qaddafi political opposition movement.  On September 1, 1969, King Idris was overthrown while he was abroad in Turkey for medical treatment.  He was named commander in chief of the armed forces and chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council, Libya's new ruling body. At age 27, Qaddafi had become the ruler of Libya.

    Qaddafi's first order of business was to shut down the American and British military bases in Libya. He also demanded that foreign oil companies in Libya share a bigger portion of revenue with the country. Qaddafi replaced the Gregorian calendar with the Islamic one, and forbid the sale of alcohol.
    Feeling threatened by a failed coup attempt by his fellow officers in December 1969, Qaddafi put in laws criminalizing political dissent. In 1970, he expelled the remaining Italians from Libya, and emphasized what he saw as the battle between Arab nationalism and western imperialism.  He vocally opposed Zionism and Israel, and expelled the Jewish community from Libya. Qaddafi's inner circle of trusted people became smaller and smaller, as power was shared by himself and a small group of family and friends. His intelligence agents traveled around the world to intimidate and assassinate Libyans living in exile.
    In these early days, Qaddafi sought to orient Libya away from the West, and towards the Middle East and Africa. He involved the Libyan military in several foreign conflicts, including in Egypt and Sudan, and the bloody civil war in Chad. In 1974, Qaddafi published the Green Book, an explanation of his political philosophy. The book describes the problems with liberal democracy and capitalism, and promotes Qaddafi's policies as the remedy. Qaddafi claimed that Libya boasted popular committees and shared ownership, but in reality this was far from true. Qaddafi had appointed himself or close family and friends to all positions of power, and their corruption and crackdowns on any kind of civic organizing meant much of the population lived in poverty. Meanwhile, Qaddafi and those close to him were amassing fortunes in oil revenue.

    Qaddafi's ruling style was not just repressive, it was eccentric. He had a cadre of female bodyguards, considered himself the king of Africa, erected a tent to stay in when he traveled abroad, and dressed in strange costume-like outfits. His bizzare antics often distracted from his brutality, and  earned him the nickname "the mad dog of the Middle East."
    In addition to his oppressive rule at home, Qaddafi was despised by much of the international community. His government was implicated in the financing many anti-western groups, including some terror plots. The Black Panthers, Nation of Islam, and the Irish Republican Army all allegedly had links to Qaddafi. Because of Libya's links to Irish terrorism, the United Kingdom cut off diplomatic relations with Libya for more than a decade. In the most famous instance, Libya was implicated in the 1988 Lockerbie bombing. A plane carrying 270 people blew up near Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 270 people. In 1988, U.S. warplanes carried out bombings in Libya, in a failed attempt to kill Qaddafi.

    In 1990s, the relationship between Qaddafi and the West began to thaw. As Qaddafi faced a growing threat from Islamists who opposed his rule, he began to share intelligence information with the British and American intelligence services. In 1994, Nelson Mandela persuaded the Libyan leader to hand over the suspects from the Lockerbie bombing. It wasn't long before Qaddafi had mended relations with the West almost entirely.
    Qaddafi was welcomed in Western capitals, and Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi counted him among his close friends. Qaddafi's son and heir apparent, Seif al-Islam Qaddafi, mixed with London's high society for several years. Many critics of the newfound friendship of Qaddafi and the West believed it was based on oil. In 2001, the United Nations eased sanctions on Libya, and foreign oil companies worked out lucrative new contracts to operate in Libya. The influx of money to Libya made Qaddafi and his family and associates even wealthier, and the disparity between the ruling family and the masses ever more apparent.

    After more than four decades in power, Qaddafi's downfall happened in less than a year. In January of 2011,  the Tunisian revolution forced out longtime dictator Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali and set off the Arab Spring. The next month Egyptian ruler Hosni Mubarak was forced out, providing a morale boost to protesters in several Arab capitals. Despite the atmosphere of severe repression, demonstrations broke out in Benghazi, and spread throughout the country.
    Qaddafi used aggressive force to try to suppress the protests, adn the violence quickly escalated. Police and foreign mercenaries were brought in to shoot at protesters, and helicopters were sent to bombard protesters from the air. As casualties mounted, Libyans grew  more determined to see Qaddafi's ouster. As violence spread through the country, Qaddafi made several rambling speeches on state television, claiming the demonstrators were traitors, foreigners, al Qaeda, and drug addicts. He urged his supporters to continue the fight, and small groups of heavily armed loyalists battled against the rebels.
    By the end of February, the opposition had gained control over much of the country, and the rebels formed a governing body called the National Transitional Council. The opposition surrounded Tripoli, where Qaddafi still had some support. Most of the international community expressed support for the NTC, and called for the ouster of Qaddafi. At the end of March, a NATO coalition began to provide support for the rebel forces in the form of airstrikes and a no-fly zone. NATO's military intervention over the next six months proved to be decisive. In April, a NATO attack killed one of Qaddafi's sons. When Tripoli fell to rebel forces in late August, it was seen as a major victory for the opposition, and a symbolic end for Qaddafi's rule.
    In June, the International Criminal Court issued warrants for the arrest of Qaddafi, his son Seif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law, for crimes against humanity. In July, more than 30 countries recognized the NTC as the legitimate government of Libya. Qaddafi had lost control of Libya, but his whereabouts were still unknown.

    On Thursday, October 20, Libyan officials announced the death of Muammar al-Qaddafi near his hometown of Surt. Early reports had conflicting accounts of his death, while some said he was killed in a gun battle, and others said he was targeted by a NATO aerial attack. Video circulated of Qaddafi's bloodied body being dragged around by fighters.
    For months, Qaddafi and his family had been at large, believed to be hiding in the western part of the country, where they still had small pockets of support. As news of the former dictator's death spread, Libyans poured into the streets, celebrating the what many hailed as the culmination of their revolution.

    0 komentar:

    Post a Comment

    Twitter Delicious Facebook Digg Stumbleupon Favorites More